With the acceleration of society and industrialization and the development of urbanization, the problem of water pollution is becoming more and more serious, which has become one of the major obstacles restricting the sustainable development of economy and society. Facing this challenge, how to treat sewage efficiently, economically and environmentally friendly has become an important topic in scientific research and technological development. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the key factors that affect the efficiency of sewage treatment under the premise of using environmental protection materials.

First, the application of biological treatment technology

Biological treatment is a method to remove organic matter and other pollutants from sewage by using the life activities of microorganisms. This technology has the advantages of low cost and simple operation, and is widely used in practical applications. In order to improve the effect of biological treatment, it is very important to select suitable strains, control suitable temperature, pH value and dissolved oxygen concentration. In addition, it is also one of the effective ways to improve the treatment effect by adding specific environmental additives to promote the growth of microorganisms or enhance their degradation ability.

Second, the role of physical and chemical methods

In addition to biological treatment, physical and chemical methods such as coagulation and sedimentation, adsorption and filtration, and advanced oxidation are also important sewage treatment methods. These methods can effectively remove harmful substances such as macromolecules and heavy metal ions that are difficult to be decomposed by microorganisms in water. In recent years, researchers have found that some natural minerals (such as zeolite), biomass carbon and other naturally occurring materials have good adsorption performance for the above pollutants, and they are easy to obtain, low in price and reproducible, which is in line with the concept of green development.

Third, the progress of membrane separation technology

With the development of nanotechnology, new microporous membrane materials are constantly emerging, which provides a new solution for sewage treatment. This kind of membrane material not only has high rejection rate, but also can significantly reduce energy consumption. More importantly, some eco-friendly membrane materials based on plant cellulose or other degradable polymers can be naturally degraded after the mission is completed, thus avoiding the problem of secondary pollution.

Fourth, the introduction of intelligent management system

Modern information technology and sewage treatment technology are combined to build an intelligent management system. The system can automatically adjust the operating conditions of each unit by monitoring the changing trend of water quality parameters in real time, and realize accurate regulation; At the same time, it can also predict possible problems and take preventive measures in advance to ensure the safe and stable operation of the whole process. This data-driven way greatly improves the working efficiency and service quality of sewage treatment facilities.

To sum up, paying attention to environmental protection while pursuing high efficiency and economy has become an inevitable trend in the field of sewage treatment. Future research should continue to focus on how to give full play to the advantages of various environmental protection materials, explore more scientific and reasonable combination schemes, and push forward the cause of water resources protection in China and even in the world.