Today in the 21st century, with the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, environmental problems have increasingly become the focus of global attention. Among them, water pollution is particularly serious, and how to effectively treat sewage and protect the water environment has become one of the urgent problems to be solved by governments and all walks of life. Although the traditional sewage treatment technology has achieved certain results, it is still insufficient in the face of new challenges. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore innovative sewage treatment methods and concepts for realizing sustainable development.

First, the traditional sewage treatment mode and its limitations

At present, activated sludge process and biofilm process are widely used as the main secondary treatment methods at home and abroad. These methods can remove most organic matter and suspended particles, but they are not effective for nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and some refractory pollutants (such as drug residues). In addition, the large floor space and high operating cost are also its obvious shortcomings.

Second, the development trend of new sewage treatment technology

1. Microbial Fuel Cells, MFCs) technology: The material transformation process in the reactor is driven by the electric energy generated during microbial metabolism, which not only realizes energy recovery but also completes the purpose of water purification.

2. Membrane separation technology: The high-efficiency separation materials such as ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis are used for deep purification, which can effectively intercept toxic and harmful substances with small molecular weight.

3. Photocatalytic oxidation technology: With the help of chemical reaction on the surface of photocatalyst under specific wavelength illumination, trace pollutants in water are completely decomposed into carbon dioxide and water.

Third, the concept of green ecological governance

In addition to technological innovation, "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", the core idea of ecological civilization construction, has also brought enlightenment to modern sewage treatment. Constructing urban blue-green infrastructure networks based on Nature-based Solutions, NbS), such as rain gardens and wetland parks, not only beautifies the urban landscape, but also enhances the ability of surface runoff regulation, promotes the control of non-point source pollution, and forms a good water circulation system.

In short, under the background of the new era, we should actively explore a new generation of sewage treatment technologies and management strategies that are more efficient, low-carbon and meet the requirements of ecological protection, so as to push China and the world to a higher level of green development goals.