With the rapid development of social economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the problem of water pollution has become increasingly serious, which has become one of the key factors restricting sustainable development. As an important means to solve this problem, sewage treatment plays an important role in environmental protection. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct a scientific, reasonable, efficient and feasible comprehensive layout scheme of sewage treatment for promoting the construction of ecological civilization.

First, the current situation analysis

At present, China has made some achievements in sewage treatment, but it still faces many challenges. First of all, the construction of sewage treatment facilities in some areas lags behind the development speed of cities, which leads to the phenomenon of direct sewage discharge. Secondly, the existing treatment facilities have problems such as low operating efficiency and poor maintenance and management; Thirdly, the sewage treatment capacity in rural areas is insufficient, and a large amount of domestic wastewater is directly discharged into the natural environment without treatment; Finally, the technology upgrading is slow, and it is difficult to adapt to the changing water quality situation.

II. Objectives and Principles

1. Goal: By 2030, the national urban sewage treatment rate will reach over 95%, and the rural sewage treatment rate will reach 70%, basically realizing that all sewage should be collected and treated properly.

2. Principles:

-Scientific planning, adapting to local conditions;

-Comprehensive management, source reduction;

-Technological innovation to improve efficiency;

-Public participation, joint construction and sharing.

Third, specific measures

1. Strengthen infrastructure construction: increase investment in urban sewage treatment plants, expand their scale and capacity, add small decentralized treatment stations in densely populated areas, and pay attention to improving the technical level and service quality of existing facilities.

2. Popularize advanced and applicable technologies: actively introduce advanced sewage treatment technologies and equipment at home and abroad, encourage and support scientific research institutions to carry out relevant research work, and promote the application and transformation of technological innovations.

3. Strengthen the supervision and assessment mechanism: establish and improve the monitoring system covering the whole process, strictly implement emission standards, strengthen the investigation and punishment of violations, and ensure that all policies and measures are implemented.

4. Stimulate all sectors of society: Stimulate enterprises, social organizations and individuals to participate in sewage treatment through policy guidance and financial support, and form a good situation of government-led and multi-party cooperation.

5. Pay attention to publicity, education and training: widely publicize the concept of water saving and emission reduction, popularize the knowledge and skills of correct use of water resources, cultivate citizens' habit of saving water, and enhance the sense of responsibility of the whole society to protect water resources.

In a word, it is a long-term and arduous task to realize the overall layout of sewage treatment, which requires government departments at all levels to attach great importance to and take practical and effective actions. Only in this way can we truly build a clean and beautiful new China and leave a more livable living environment for future generations.